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Her father worked as a janitor and her mother worked as a maid in the homes of white families.

Watkins was one of six children born to Rosa Bell Watkins ( née Oldham) and Veodis Watkins. Gloria Jean Watkins was born on Septemto a working-class African-American family, in Hopkinsville, a small, segregated town in Kentucky.

On December 15, 2021, bell hooks died from kidney failure at her home in Berea, Kentucky, aged 69. Her pen name was borrowed from her maternal great-grandmother, Bell Blair Hooks. In 2014, hooks also founded the bell hooks Institute at Berea College. She later taught at several institutions including Stanford University, Yale University, and The City College of New York, before joining Berea College in Berea, Kentucky, in 2004. She began her academic career in 1976 teaching English and ethnic studies at the University of Southern California. Her work addressed love, race, class, gender, art, history, sexuality, mass media, and feminism. She published numerous scholarly articles, appeared in documentary films, and participated in public lectures. She published around 40 books, including works that ranged from essays, poetry, and children's books. The focus of hooks' writing was to explore the intersectionality of race, capitalism, and gender, and what she described as their ability to produce and perpetuate systems of oppression and class domination.

She is best known for her writings on race, feminism, and class. Gloria Jean Watkins (September 25, 1952 – December 15, 2021), better known by her pen name bell hooks, was an American author, theorist, educator, and social critic who was a Distinguished Professor in Residence at Berea College. We Real Cool: Black Men and Masculinity (2004).Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center (1984).Ain't I a Woman?: Black Women and Feminism (1981).